Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. The Company considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. These receivables have historically been paid timely. Due to the nature of the accounts receivable balance, the Company believes there is no significant risk of non-collection. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, allowances for doubtful accounts would be required. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts recorded as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Management continually evaluates whether events or changes in circumstances might indicate that the remaining estimated useful life of long-lived assets may warrant revision, or that the remaining balance may not be recoverable. When factors indicate that long-lived assets should be evaluated for possible impairment, the Company uses an estimate of the related undiscounted cash flows in measuring whether the long-lived asset should be written down to fair value. Measurement of the amount of impairment would be based on generally accepted valuation methodologies, as deemed appropriate. If the carrying amount is greater than the undiscounted cash flows, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to the asset’s fair value. An impairment loss is recognized immediately as an operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Reversal of previously recorded impairment losses are prohibited. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Company’s management believed that no revision to the remaining useful lives or impairment of the Company’s long-lived assets was required.

Warrants

The accounting treatment of warrants issued is determined pursuant to the guidance provided by ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Each feature of a freestanding financial instruments including, without limitation, any rights relating to subsequent dilutive issuance, dividend issuances, equity sales, rights offerings, forced conversions, dividends, and exercise are assessed with determinations made regarding the proper classification in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company determined that all outstanding warrants meet the criteria to be classified as equity.

Leases

Operating lease assets are included within operating lease right-of-use assets, and the corresponding operating lease obligation on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company has elected not to present short-term leases as these leases have a lease term of 12 months or less at lease inception and do not contain purchase options or renewal terms that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. All other lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Because most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company used an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at adoption date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Revenue

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to the Company’s customers in an amount reflecting the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the

Other Operating Income

The Company’s other operating income is related to government grant incentives received for qualifying research and development projects, and research and development tax credits related to the United Kingdom’s Research and Development Expenditure Credit scheme, which is a government tax incentive designed to reward innovative companies for investing in research and development. Such incentives are recorded as other income when it is probable the amounts are collectible and can be reasonably estimated.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded grant income and research & development tax credits of $273 thousand and $446 thousand, respectively, and $851 thousand and $1,126 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company had receivables related to research & development tax credits for payments not yet received of $738 thousand and $1,070 thousand, respectively.

Share-based Compensation

All share-based payments, including grants of stock options, are measured based on the fair value of the share-based awards at the grant date and recognized over their respective vesting periods. Outstanding options generally expire 10 years after the grant date. The Company has issued options that vest based on service requirements and options become exercisable when service requirements are met. Due to the Exchange, all options outstanding immediately prior to the event with a performance obligation requirement became vested and exercisable.

The estimated fair value of stock options at the grant date is determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires inputs such as the fair value of common stock on date of grant, expected term, expected volatility, dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards. The Company records forfeitures when they occur.

Functional Currency and Operations

Prior to the Exchange, Smartkem Limited’s (“the predecessor’s”) functional currency was the British Pound Sterling (“GBP”), and the consolidated financial statements were presented in United States dollars (“USD”). The predecessor’s functional currency was the respective local currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity’s operations are conducted. The predecessor translated the financial statements into the presentation currency using exchanges rates in effect on the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and average exchanges rates for the period for statement of operations accounts, with the difference recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income /(loss).

Foreign Currency Transactions

The Company measures foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities using exchange rates in effect at the end for the period. Transaction gains and losses are included in net loss. Foreign exchange losses, primarily driven by foreign exchange revaluation of our dollar borrowings held by non-dollar group undertakings, were $1,493 thousand and $3,131 thousand for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Foreign exchange gains were $386 thousand and foreign exchanges losses were $799 thousand for the three-and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740. When uncertain tax positions exist, the Company recognizes the tax benefit of tax positions to the extent that the benefit would more likely than not be realized assuming examination by the taxing authority. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. The Company recognizes any interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no accruals for uncertain tax positions.

Contingent Liabilities

A provision for contingent liabilities is recorded when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. With respect to legal matters, provisions are reviewed and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, estimated settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. The Company is a party to certain litigation and disputes arising in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2022, the Company does not expect that such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Offering Costs

Direct and incremental legal and accounting costs associated with the Company’s issuance of common stock and warrants are deferred and classified as a component of other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet until completion of the issuance. Upon completion of the issuance, deferred offering costs are reclassified from other assets to equity and recorded against the net proceeds received in the issuance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively, $170 thousand and $2,454 thousand of offering costs were recorded in additional paid-in capital. No offering costs were deferred as of both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Segment Information

The Company has determined that it operates and reports in one segment, which focuses on the development of materials and processes used to make organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) for the manufacture of flexible electronics. The Company’s operating segment is reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company’s CODM has been identified as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is determined by dividing net loss by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding during the period. For all periods presented with a net loss, the shares underlying the ordinary share options and warrants have been excluded from the calculation because their effect would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, the weighted-average shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted loss per share are the same for periods with a net loss.

The loss per share information in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements is reflected and calculated as if the Company had existed since January 1, 2020. Accordingly, loss per share for all periods was calculated based on the number of shares retroactively adjusted for the exchange ratio determined in the reverse recapitalization (see also note 1).

The Company has 2,168,000 pre-funded common stock warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2022, which became exercisable on April 24, 2021 based on terms and conditions of the agreements. As the pre-funded common stock warrants are exercisable for $0.01, these shares are considered outstanding common shares and included in computation of basic and diluted Earnings Per Share as the exercise of the pre-funded common stock warrants is virtually assured. The Company included these pre-funded common stock warrants in basic and diluted earnings per share when all conditions were met on April 24, 2021.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as they would be anti-dilutive:

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In May 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2021-04, Issuer's Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity Classified Written Call Options" ("ASU 2021-04"), which introduces a new way for companies to account for warrants either as stock compensation or derivatives. Under the new guidance, if the modification does not change the instrument's classification as equity, the Company accounts for the modification as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. In general, if the fair value of the "new" instrument is greater than the fair value of the "original" instrument, the excess is recognized based on the substance of the transaction, as if the issuer has paid cash. The effective date of the standard is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021 for all entities, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2021-04 on January 1, 2022. As a result of Management’s evaluation, the adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832) ("ASU 2021-10"), which provides guidance on disclosing government assistance. Under the new guidance, the Company is required to

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in prior periods' interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.