SmartKem, Inc._June 30, 2025

June 30,

(in thousands)

Operating cash outflows from operating leases

Supplemental non-cash amounts of operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right of use assets

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-42115

SmartKem, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		85-1083654
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification Number)

Manchester Technology Centre, Hexagon Tower.

Delaunays Road, Blackley

Manchester, M9 8GQ U.K.

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

011-44-161-721-1514

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SMTK	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 11, 2025, there were 4,544,490 of the registrant’s shares of common stock outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

Part I	Financial Information	3

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) / Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	6
	Notes to the Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7-17

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	23
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23

Part II	Other Information	24

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	24
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	24
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	24
Item 5.	Other Information	24
Item 6.	Exhibits	24

Exhibit Index		25
Signatures		26

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Item 1. Financial Statements

SMARTKEM, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except number of shares and per share data)



	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,152	$	7,141
Research and development tax credit receivable		842		519
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,436		849
Total current assets		3,430		8,509
Property, plant and equipment, net		174		269
Right-of-use assets, net		678		120
Other assets, non-current		—		6
Total assets	$	4,282	$	8,904

Liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) / equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	3,071	$	1,791
Lease liabilities, current		243		47
Other current liabilities		674		450
Total current liabilities		3,988		2,288
Lease liabilities, non-current		421		25
Total liabilities		4,409		2,313

Contingencies (Note 7)		—		—

Stockholders’ (deficit) / equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 and 856 shares issued and outstanding, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		—		—
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 300,000,000 shares authorized, 4,441,165 and 3,590,217 shares issued and outstanding, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		—		—
Additional paid-in capital		123,201		122,316
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(4,174)		(1,105)
Accumulated deficit		(119,154)		(114,620)
Total stockholders' (deficit) / equity		(127)		6,591
Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) / equity	$	4,282	$	8,904

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except number of shares and per share data)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue	$	32	$	40	$	55	$	40
Cost of revenue		28		32		29		32
Gross profit		4		8		26		8

Other operating income		279		236		530		438

Operating expenses
Research and development		2,426		1,158		3,923		2,434
General and administrative		2,360		1,844		4,369		3,206
(Gain) / loss on foreign currency transactions		(131)		19		(226)		32
Total operating expenses		4,655		3,021		8,066		5,672

Loss from operations		(4,372)		(2,777)		(7,510)		(5,226)

Non-operating income / (expense)
Gain / (loss) on foreign currency transactions		1,970		(243)		2,939		(249)
Change in fair value of the warrant liability		—		(81)		—		672
Interest income / (expense)		3		3		13		9
Total non-operating income / (expense)		1,973		(321)		2,952		432

Loss before income taxes		(2,399)		(3,098)		(4,558)		(4,794)
Income tax refund / (expense)		(1)		(1)		24		(1)
Net loss	$	(2,400)	$	(3,099)	$	(4,534)	$	(4,795)
Preferred stock deemed dividends		—		—		—		(7,094)
Net loss attributed to common stockholders	$	(2,400)	$	(3,099)	$	(4,534)	$	(11,889)

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		8,070,836		3,157,334		7,364,145		2,946,354

Common share data:
Basic net loss per common share	$	(0.30)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.62)	$	(1.63)
Diluted net loss per common share		(0.30)		(0.98)		(0.62)		(4.04)
Dividend per common share		—		—		—		(2.41)

Net loss	$	(2,400)	$	(3,099)	$	(4,534)	$	(4,795)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation		(2,064)		174		(3,069)		156
Total comprehensive loss	$	(4,464)	$	(2,925)	$	(7,603)	$	(4,639)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) / Equity

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)


	Preferred Stock			Common stock			Additional		Accumulated other				Total
	$0.0001 par value			$0.0001 par value			paid-in		comprehensive		Accumulated		stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		capital		income / (loss)		deficit		(deficit) / equity
Balance at January 1, 2025	856	$	—	3,590,217	$	—	$	122,316	$	(1,105)	$	(114,620)	$	6,591
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		250		—		—		250
Issuance of common stock to vendor	—		—	30,000		—		85		—		—		85
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		(1,005)		—		(1,005)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,134)		(2,134)
Balance at March 31, 2025	856	$	—	3,620,217	$	—	$	122,651	$	(2,110)	$	(116,754)	$	3,787
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		260		—		—		260
Issuance of common stock to vendor	—		—	130,000		—		290		—		—		290
Conversion of Preferred stock into common stock	(856)		—	690,788		—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of warrants into common stock	—		—	160		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		(2,064)		—		(2,064)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,400)		(2,400)
Balance at June 30, 2025	—	$	—	4,441,165	$	—	$	123,201	$	(4,174)	$	(119,154)	$	(127)


	Preferred Stock			Common stock			Additional		Accumulated other				Total
	$0.0001 par value			$0.0001 par value			paid-in		comprehensive		Accumulated		stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		capital		income / (loss)		deficit		equity
Balance at January 1, 2024	13,765	$	—	889,668	$	—	$	104,757	$	(1,578)	$	(95,066)	$	8,113
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		107		—		—		107
Issuance of stock awards	—		—	3,400		—		21		—		—		21
Issuance of common stock to vendor	—		—	50,000		—		53		—		—		53
Conversion of Preferred stock into common stock	(3,817)		—	436,294		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange of Preferred stock into common stock warrants	(6,356)		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Deemed dividend on extinguishment of Preferred stock	—		—	—		—		7,069		—		(7,094)		(25)
Cashless exercise of warrants into common stock	—		—	388		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		(18)		—		(18)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(1,696)		(1,696)
Balance at March 31, 2024	3,592	$	—	1,379,750	$	—	$	112,007	$	(1,596)	$	(103,856)	$	6,555
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		207		—		—		207
Issuance of common stock to vendor	—		—	50,000		—		48		—		—		48
Conversion of Preferred stock into common stock	(2,486)		—	284,150		—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of warrants into common stock	—		—	8,000		—		3		—		—		3
Fair value of warrants reclassified from liability to equity	—		—	—		—		700		—		—		700
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		174		—		174
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(3,099)		(3,099)
Balance at June 30, 2024	1,106	$	—	1,721,900	$	—	$	112,965	$	(1,422)	$	(106,955)	$	4,588

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(4,534)	$	(4,795)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		113		125
Stock-based compensation expense		510		336
Issuance of common stock to vendor		375		101
Right-of-use asset amortization		124		125
(Loss) / gain on foreign currency transactions		(3,165)		279
Change in fair value of the warrant liability		—		(672)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		—		255
Research and development tax credit receivable		(259)		(361)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(523)		(368)
Other non-current assets		—		1
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,154		682
Lease liabilities		(88)		(90)
Other current liabilities		172		(20)
Net cash used in operating activities		(6,121)		(4,402)

Cash flow from financing activities:
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants		—		3
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		3

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		132		(86)

Net change in cash		(5,989)		(4,485)

Cash, beginning of period		7,141		8,836
Cash, end of period	$	1,152	$	4,351
		—
Supplemental disclosure of cash and non-cash investing and financing activities
Issuance of common shares for consulting services	$	375	$	53
Right-of-use asset and lease liability additions	$	653	$	55

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

GENERAL

Organization

SmartKem, Inc. (“SmartKem” or the “Company”) a Delaware corporation, formerly known as Parasol Investments Corporation (“Parasol”), was formed on May 13, 2020, and is the successor, as discussed below, of SmartKem Limited, which was formed under the Laws of England and Wales. The Company was founded as a “shell” company registered under the Exchange Act, with no specific business plan or purpose until it began operating the business of SmartKem Limited following the closing of the Exchange described below.

On February 23, 2021, Parasol entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”), with SmartKem Limited. Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement all of the equity interests in SmartKem Limited, except certain deferred shares which had no economic or voting rights and which were purchased by Parasol for an aggregate purchase price of $1.40, were exchanged for shares of Parasol common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”), and SmartKem Limited became a wholly owned subsidiary of Parasol (the “Exchange”).

As a result of the Exchange, Parasol legally acquired the business of SmartKem Limited, and continues as the existing business operations of SmartKem Limited as a public reporting company under the name SmartKem, Inc.

Business

The Company is seeking to change the world of electronics with a new class of transistor developed using its proprietary advanced semiconductor materials that the Company believes has the potential to revolutionize the display industry. The Company’s TRUFLEX® semiconductor polymers enable low temperature printing processes that are compatible with existing manufacturing infrastructure to deliver low-cost, high-performance displays. The Company’s semiconductor platform can be used in a range of display technologies including MicroLED, LCD and AMOLED, as well as in applications in advanced computer and AI chip packaging, sensors, and logic.

The Company designs and develops its materials at its research and development facility in Manchester, UK and provides prototyping services at the Centre for Process Innovation (“CPI”) in Sedgefield, UK. The Company also operates a field application office in Hsinchu, Taiwan, close to its collaboration partner, The Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan (“ITRI”). With its collaboration partners, the Company is developing a commercial-scale production process and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools for its materials to demonstrate the commercial viability of manufacturing a new generation of displays using the Company’s materials. The Company has an extensive IP portfolio including 140 granted patents across 17 patent families, 14 pending patents and 40 codified trade secrets.

Risk and Uncertainties

The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties including the risk of failure to secure additional funding to properly execute the Company’s business plan. The Company is subject to risks that are common to companies in the development stage, including, but not limited to, development by the Company or its competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, reliance on third party manufacturers, protection of proprietary technology and compliance with regulatory requirements.

The Company has entered into annual framework services agreements with CPI Innovation Services Limited (“CPIIS”), the commercial trading company for CPI, pursuant to which the Company purchases services consisting primarily of access to CPI process equipment required for fabrication as well as access to CPI staff with specific skills, to the extent required, at specified costs, including a minimum annual spending requirement. The Company’s most current agreement with CPIIS expired on March 31, 2025, but has been extended as described below.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

CPIIS has been reviewing the operation of the clean room facility used by the Company and has advised the Company that it intends to reduce the facility’s operating costs by, among other things, consolidating its clean rooms and seeking to pass more of its operating costs to users including the Company. The Company has entered into a number of short-term extensions of the current CPIIS agreement pursuant to which the term of the current CPIIS agreement has been extended to December 31, 2025. Under the terms of the extensions, the Company has agreed to an increase in its share of the costs of the CPI facility during the extension period. As a result, subsequent to March 31, 2025, the Company’s costs at the CPI facility have increased significantly. The Company expects that any longer-term agreement with CPIIS will require the Company to bear additional costs and that such costs will continue to be significantly higher than under the most recent agreement.

The Company and CPIIS have been negotiating the terms of a proposed three-year license agreement under which the Company would consolidate its operations in one clean room at the CPI facility and would pay a portion of the costs of relocating equipment to that clean room. The Company expects that the license agreement will be terminable by the Company upon not less than six-months’ notice and the payment of certain associated costs. Although no license agreement has been entered into as of the date of this Report, the Company expects that its costs under the license agreement will be somewhat less than under the most recent extension of the current framework services agreement but will be significantly higher than under the original terms of that agreement. Upon the execution and delivery of the license agreement, the most recent extension will expire.

Subject to the receipt of adequate capital financing, the Company will continue to explore options to perform its prototyping services. The Company believes that adequate alternative sites are available for that purpose and is assessing the most effective allocation of capabilities between its UK and Taiwan sites. In the event that the Company decides to move its prototyping operation to an alternative facility, the Company believes that the move would take between two and nine months, depending on equipment availability and any required facility modifications, during which time the Company would incur additional costs to prepare the new facility and install any necessary equipment. In such event, the Company intends to schedule its prototyping activities to minimize any disruption to those operations and would use ITRI’s prototyping line as an interim facility for such work.

The Company has approximately 11 employees located at CPI. Even if the Company is able to locate a suitable replacement facility on acceptable terms, there is no assurance that the key employees at CPI would accept positions at a new facility, particularly if it is located remotely from the CPI facility. Even if the Company locates a suitable replacement facility, it is possible that the Company’s ability to engage in product development, prototyping of demonstration products and process improvement activities may be significantly delayed as a result of the relocation of those functions.

Going Concern

The Company has incurred continuing losses including net losses of $4.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company’s cash as of June 30, 2025 was $1.2 million with net cash used in operating activities of $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company anticipates operating losses to continue for the foreseeable future due to, among other things, costs related to research funding, further development of our technology and products and expenses related to the commercialization of our products.

The Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents of $1.2 million as of June 30, 2025 will not be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditures for the 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements. In the event that the Company is unable to raise additional capital in the near term, it may have to curtail its operations or seek protection under applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws.

Beyond its near term need for capital, the Company’s future viability will continue to be dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to fund its operations. The Company will need to obtain additional funds to satisfy its operational needs and to fund its sales and marketing efforts, research and development expenditures, and business development activities. Until such time, if ever, as the Company can generate sufficient cash through revenue, management’s plans are to finance the Company’s working capital requirements through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing, distribution

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

or licensing arrangements. If the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s existing security holders will likely experience dilution. If the Company borrows money, the incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require the Company to agree to operating and financial covenants that could restrict its operations. If the Company enters into a collaboration, strategic alliance or other similar arrangement, it may be forced to give up valuable rights. There can be no assurance however that such financing will be available in sufficient amounts, when and if needed, on acceptable terms or at all. The precise amount and timing of the funding needs cannot be determined accurately at this time, and will depend on a number of factors, including the market demand for the Company’s products and services, the quality of product development efforts, management of working capital, and continuation of normal payment terms and conditions for purchase of services.

There is substantial doubt that the Company will be able to pay its obligations as they fall due, and this substantial doubt is not alleviated by management plans. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2025 have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report”), which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 31, 2025 and may also be found on the Company’s website (www.smartkem.com). In these notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements the terms “us,” “we” or “our” refer to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

These interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and were prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim reporting and with the SEC’s instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. They include the accounts of all wholly owned subsidiaries and all significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Amounts are presented in thousands, except number of shares and per share data.

The preparation of interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make assumptions and estimates that impact the amounts reported. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the interim periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024; however, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report have been condensed or omitted as permitted by GAAP. It is important to note that the Company’s results of operations and cash flows for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations and cash flows to be expected for a full fiscal year or any interim period.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Other than the policies listed below, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as set forth in Note 3 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report.

The Company records, when necessary, deemed dividends for: (i) the exchange of preferred shares for pre-funded warrants, based on the fair value of the pre-funded warrants in excess of the carrying value of the preferred shares and (ii) the amendment of preferred stock accounted for as an extinguishment, based on the fair value of the preferred stock immediately before and after the amendments.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Management’s Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to the valuation of common stock, fair value of stock options and fair value of warrant liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Due to the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements, actual results may materially vary from these estimates.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment: Semiconductor materials.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures which will require companies to make additional income tax disclosures. The pronouncement is effective for annual filings for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company is still assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard but does not expect it to have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

On November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2024-03, Income Statement (Topic 220): Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires public companies to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the financial statements. The amendments in this pronouncement will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and is effective on either a prospective basis or retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the potential impacts of adoption on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:


	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2025		2024
Prepaid insurance	$	272	$	194
Deferred research & development costs		151		138
Research grant receivable		117		62
Prepaid facility costs		72		67
VAT receivable		418		319
Prepaid software licenses		78		66
Other receivable and other prepaid expenses		328		3
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,436	$	849

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:


	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2025		2024
Plant and equipment	$	1,705	$	1,562
Furniture and fixtures		116		106
Computer hardware and software		108		98
		1,929		1,766
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(1,755)		(1,497)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	174	$	269

Depreciation expense was $113.1 thousand and $124.9 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and is classified as research and development expense.

5. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:


	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2025		2024
Accounts payable - trade	$	2,025	$	843
Payroll liabilities		292		397
VAT payable		228		287
Accrued expenses – legal fees		166		—
Accrued expenses – audit & accounting fees		42		106
Accrued expenses – other		318		158
Total accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	3,071	$	1,791

6. LEASES

The Company has operating leases consisting of office space, lab space and equipment with remaining lease terms of 1 to 3 years, subject to certain renewal options as applicable.

The Company evaluates the nature of each lease at the inception of an arrangement to determine whether it is an operating or financing lease and recognizes the right of use asset and lease liability based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected lease term. The Company’s leases do not generally contain an implicit interest rate and therefore the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate it would expect to pay

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

to borrow on a similar collateralized basis over a similar term in order to determine the present value of its lease payments.

On May 22, 2025, the Company renewed its lease for research & development, engineering, testing and corporate offices in Manchester, England. The renewed lease term expires in 2028 with an option for the Company to end the lease in 2027.

The Company is not the lessor in any lease agreement, and no related party transactions for lease arrangements have occurred.

The table below presents certain information related to the lease costs for the Company’s operating leases for the periods ended:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Operating lease cost	$	68	$	70	$	141	$	135
Short-term lease cost		9		—		12		6
Total lease cost	$	77	$	70	$	153	$	141

The total lease cost is included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Research and development	$	75	$	70	$	148	$	135
General and administrative		2		—		5		6
Total lease cost	$	77	$	70	$	153	$	141

Right of use lease assets and lease liabilities for the Company’s operating leases were recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2025		2024
Assets
Right of use assets - Operating Leases	$	678	$	120
Total lease assets	$	678	$	120

Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Lease liability, current - Operating Leases	$	243	$	47
Noncurrent liabilities:
Lease liability, non-current - Operating Leases		421		25
Total lease liabilities	$	664	$	72

The Company had no right of use lease assets or lease liabilities classified as financing leases as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents certain information related to the cash flows for the Company’s operating leases for the periods ended:

The table below presents certain information related to the weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate for the Company’s operating leases as of the period ended:


	June 30,
	2025
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) – operating leases		2.7
Weighted average discount rate – operating leases		10.63%

Remaining maturities of the Company’s operating leases, excluding short-term leases, are as follows:


	June 30,
(in thousands)	2025
2025	$	150
2026		312
2027		293
2028		12
Total undiscounted lease payments		767
Less imputed interest		(103)
Total net lease liabilities	$	664

7. CONTINGENCIES

Legal proceedings

In the normal course of business, the Company may become involved in legal disputes regarding various litigation matters. In the opinion of management, any potential liabilities resulting from such claims would not have a material effect on the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

8. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred Stock

Pursuant to the terms of the Series A-1 Certificate of Designation, on May 7, 2025, the remaining 856 outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock automatically converted into an aggregate of 690,788 shares of common stock and pre-funded Class C Warrants to purchase 1,282,412 shares of common stock. The Company filed a Certificate of Elimination with respect to the Series A-1 Certificate of Designation, pursuant to which, effective May 7, 2025, all matters set forth in the Series A-1 Certificate of Designation were eliminated from the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

As of June 30, 2025, there were no shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock outstanding.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Common Stock

Common Stock Issued to Vendors for Services

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, 160,000 shares of our common stock were issued to a vendor in consideration for services to be provided.

Common Stock Warrants

A summary of the Company’s warrants to purchase common stock activity is as follows:


					Weighted-
					Average
			Weighted-		Remaining
			Average		Contractual
	Number of	Exercise Price	Exercise		Term
	Shares	per Share	Price		(Years)
Warrants outstanding at January 1, 2025	5,171,430	$0.35 - $70.00	$	4.94	2.26
Issued	—			—
Exercised	(160)			0.35
Expired	—			—
Warrants outstanding at June 30, 2025	5,171,270	$0.35 - $70.00	$	4.94	1.77

A summary of the Company’s pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock activity is as follows:


		Weighted-
		Average
	Number of	Exercise
	Shares	Price
Pre-funded warrants outstanding at January 1, 2025	2,318,502	$	0.0064
Issued	1,282,412		0.0001
Exercised	—		—
Expired	—		—
Pre-funded warrants outstanding at June 30, 2025	3,600,914	$	0.0042

9. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

On February 23, 2021, the Company approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”), in which a maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2021 Plan is 65,000 shares. Subject to the adjustment provisions of the 2021 Plan, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with 2022 fiscal year and ending on the Company’s 2031 fiscal year in an amount equal to the least of: 1) 65,000 shares of the Company’s common stock; 2) four percent (4%) of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or 3) such number of shares of the Company’s common stock as the administrator may determine.

At the 2023 Annual Meeting, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment (the “2023 Plan Amendment”) to the Company’s 2021 Plan, increasing the number of the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan from 125,045 shares to 743,106 shares. The Company’s Board of Directors had previously approved the 2023 Plan Amendment, subject to stockholder approval.

At the 2025 Annual Meeting, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment (the “2025 Plan Amendment”) to the Company’s 2021 Plan, (i) increasing the number of the shares of common stock, reserved for issuance thereunder from 843,692 shares to 1,643,692 shares, and (ii) setting the “evergreen” share amount to 4% of the outstanding shares of common stock. The Company’s Board of Directors had previously approved the 2025 Plan Amendment, subject to stockholder approval.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Determining the appropriate fair value of share-based awards requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, and for share options, the expected life of the option, and expected share price volatility. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its share option awards. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different assumptions, the share-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards. Options granted under the 2021 Plan for six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, were valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025	2024
Expected term (years)	5.75	5.73
Risk-free interest rate	4.04%	4.21%
Expected volatility	50%	50%
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company issued options for 710,268 shares of common stock to employees, directors and consultants. The options vest over a period of three years, have an exercise price of $2.51 and expire on the ten-year anniversary of the grant date.

The following table reflects share activity under the share option plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025:


				Weighted-
				Average
		Weighted-		Remaining	Weighted-		Aggregate
		Average		Contractual	Average		Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Term	Fair Value at		Value
	Shares	Price		(Years)	Grant Date		(in thousands)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2025	619,910	$	12.31	9.06	$	3.54
Granted	710,268		2.51
Exercised	—		—
Cancelled/Forfeited	(8,002)		10.48
Expired	—		—
Options outstanding at June 30, 2025	1,322,176	$	7.06	9.28	$	1.65
Options exercisable at June 30, 2025	545,401	$	10.64	8.99			$	6.80

Stock-based compensation is included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Research and development	$	75	$	54	$	147	$	96
General and administration		184		153		362		218
Total	$	259	$	207	$	509	$	314

Total compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards not yet recognized as of June 30, 2025 was $2.1 million and will be recognized on a straight-line basis through the end of the vesting periods in June 2028. The amount of future stock option compensation expense could be affected by any future option grants or by any forfeitures.

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

10. BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is determined by dividing net loss by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities, except for those shares that are issuable for little or no cash consideration. Diluted net loss per share is determined by dividing net loss by diluted weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average shares reflects the dilutive effect, if any, of potentially dilutive common shares, such as stock options and warrants calculated using the treasury stock method. In periods with reported net operating losses, all common stock options and warrants are generally deemed anti-dilutive such that basic net loss per share and diluted net loss per share are equal.

The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of earnings per share as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 because their effects would be anti-dilutive:


	June 30,
	2025		2024
Common stock warrants		4,450,324		1,772,829
Assumed conversion of preferred stock		—		126,437
Stock options		1,322,176		632,935
Total		5,772,500		2,532,201

11. DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION

The Company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for its UK employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund. Pension cost is included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Research and development	$	37	$	20	$	58	$	41
General and administration		18		20		38		36
Total	$	55	$	40	$	96	$	77

12. INCOME TAXES

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act was enacted, introducing significant changes to U.S. federal tax law, including modifications to corporate tax rates, deductions, and tax credit provisions. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of the new law and assessing the potential impacts on its consolidated financial statements.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company has not completed its analysis and has therefore not recorded any material adjustments related to the new legislation. The final impact of the tax law may differ from the Company’s current estimates as the assessment is completed and additional guidance, interpretations, or clarifications become available.

13. SEGMENT REPORTING

We manage our business activities on a consolidated basis and operate as a single operating segment: Semiconductor materials. Our revenue is mostly generated from R&D grants and R&D tax credits. The accounting policies of the semiconductor materials are the same as those described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer and President, Ian Jenks. The CODM uses net loss, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, in evaluating performance of the Semiconductor

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SMARTKEM, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

materials segment and determining how to allocate resources of the Company as a whole and making decisions on perspective joint development and collaboration agreements. The CODM does not review assets in evaluating the results of the Semiconductor materials segment, and therefore, such information is not presented.

The following table provides the net losses of the Semiconductor materials segment:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue	$	32	$	40	$	55	$	40
Cost of revenue		28		32		29		32
Gross profit		4		8		26		8
Other operating income		279		236		530		438
Operating expenses
Research and development		2,426		1,158		3,923		2,434
General and administrative		2,360		1,844		4,369		3,206
(Gain)/loss on foreign currency transactions		(131)		19		(226)		32
Total operating expenses		4,655		3,021		8,066		5,672
Loss from operations		(4,372)		(2,777)		(7,510)		(5,226)
Total non-operating income/(expense)		1,973		(321)		2,952		432
Loss before income taxes		(2,399)		(3,098)		(4,558)		(4,794)
Income tax refund		(1)		(1)		24		(1)
Net loss	$	(2,400)	$	(3,099)	$	(4,534)	$	(4,795)

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Consultant Shares

During the period of July 1, 2025 through August 12, 2025, 20,000 shares of our common stock were issued to a vendor in consideration for services to be provided.

Warrant Exercises

On July 2, 2025, 83,325 shares of our common stock were issued upon the cashless exercise of 83,333 pre-funded warrants.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of SmartKem, Inc. (“SmartKem” or the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 to provide an understanding of its results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

All references in this Quarterly Report to “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to SmartKem, Inc., and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “may,” “can,” “continue,” “potential,” “should,” and the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology often identify forward-looking statements. Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) that are not historical facts are hereby identified as “forward-looking statements” for the purpose of the safe harbor provided by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements, including the risks discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “10-K”) in Item 1A under “Risk Factors” and the risks detailed from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

●

the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business, technologies and products;

●

the rate and degree of market acceptance of any of our products or organic semiconductor technology in

general, including changes due to the impact of (i) new semiconductor technologies, including MicroLED technology, (ii) the performance of organic semiconductor technology, whether perceived or actual, relative to competing semiconductor materials, and (iii) the performance of our products, whether perceived or actual, compared to competing silicon-based and other products;

●

the timing and success of our, and our customers’, product releases;

●

our ability to develop new products and technologies;

●

our ability to meet management goals;

●

our ability to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”);

●

our estimates of our expenses, ongoing losses, future revenue and capital requirements, including

our needs for additional financing;

●

our ability to obtain additional funds for our operations and our intended use of any such funds;

●

our ability to remain eligible on an over-the-counter quotation system if our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq;

●

our receipt and timing of any royalties, milestone payments or payments for products, under any current or future collaboration, license or other agreements or arrangements;

●

our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technologies and products and our ability to operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others;

●

the strength and marketability of our intellectual property portfolio;

●

our dependence on current and future collaborators for developing, manufacturing or otherwise bringing our products to market;

●

the ability of our third-party supply and manufacturing partners to meet our current and future business needs;

●

our exposure to risks related to international operations;

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●

our dependence on third-party fabrication facilities;

●

our relationships with our executive officers, directors, and significant stockholders;

●

our expectations regarding our classification as a “smaller reporting company,” as defined under the Exchange Act, and an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) in future periods;

●

our future financial performance;

●

the competitive landscape of our industry;

●

the impact of government regulation and developments relating to us, our competitors, or our industry; and

●

other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the caption “Risk Factors” in our 10-K.

These statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” in our 10-K and in this Report and elsewhere in this Report.

Any forward-looking statement in this Report reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our business, results of operations, industry and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report and have filed with the SEC as exhibits hereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Company Overview

We are seeking to change the world of electronics with a new class of transistor developed using our proprietary advanced semiconductor materials that we believe has the potential to revolutionize the display industry. Our TRUFLEX® semiconductor polymers enable low temperature printing processes that are compatible with existing manufacturing infrastructure to deliver low-cost, high-performance displays. Our semiconductor platform can be used in a range of display technologies including MicroLED, LCD and AMOLED, as well as in applications in advanced computer and AI chip packaging, sensors, and logic.

We design and develop our materials at our research and development facility in Manchester, UK and provide prototyping services at the Centre for Process Innovation (“CPI”) in Sedgefield, UK. We also operate a field application office in Hsinchu, Taiwan, close to our collaboration partner, The Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan (“ITRI”). With our collaboration partners, we are developing a commercial-scale production process and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools for our materials to demonstrate the commercial viability of manufacturing a new generation of displays using our materials. We have an extensive IP portfolio including 140 granted patents across 17 patent families, 14 pending patents and 40 codified trade secrets.

Since our inception in 2009, we have devoted substantial resources to the research and development of materials and production processes for the manufacture of organic thin film transistors and the enhancement of our intellectual property.

Our loss before income taxes was $4.5 million and $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. As of June 30, 2025, our accumulated deficit was $119.2 million. Substantially all our operating losses have resulted from expenses incurred in connection with research and development activities and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations.

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Results of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025

Three months ended June 30, 2025 compared with three months ended June 30, 2024

Revenue and Cost of revenue

We had revenue of $32.0 thousand and $40.0 thousand and cost of revenue of $28.0 thousand and $32.0 thousand in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Both revenue and related cost of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are a result of sales of OTFT backplanes and TRUFLEX® materials for customer assessment and development purposes.

Other operating income

Other operating income was $0.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $0.2 million in the same period of 2024. The primary source of other operating income is related to multiple research grants from Innovate UK and research and development tax credits.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses were $4.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $1.7 million, or 54.1%.

Research and development expenses are incurred for the development and process validation for TRUFLEX® inks to make OTFT circuits and OTFT based display concepts integrating novel display technology, and to provide dielectric solutions for packaging applications. The expenses consist primarily of payroll, technical facilities overheads, and development consumables costs. Research and development expenses were $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $1.2 million for the same period of 2024, an increase of $1.3 million, or 109.5%. This increase primarily resulted from an $800,000 increase in costs in the second quarter of 2025 pursuant to the terms of the extension of the CPI Framework agreement. As noted above, we expect those increased costs to continue in future periods. The increase in research and development expenses also resulted in part from higher personnel expenses. The research and development expenses represent 52.1% and 38.4% of the total operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and professional services such as investor relations, accounting and legal services. General and administrative expenses were $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $1.8 million for the same period of 2024, an increase of $0.6 million, or 28.0%. These expenses represent 50.7% and 61.0% of our total operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This increase primarily resulted from an increase in professional service fees principally related to investor relations support and consulting agreements, including $0.3 million in non-cash expenses.

Non-Operating income/(expense)

Non-operating income was $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to non-operating expenses of $0.3 million for the same period of 2024, an increase of $2.3 million, or 714.6%. The increase is primarily due to a gain on foreign currency related to the revaluation of the intercompany loans and related interest. The change in the foreign exchange spot rate of 1.3724 as of June 30, 2025 compared to 1.2944 as of March 31, 2025 resulted in a foreign exchange gain. The offset of this gain is recorded in other comprehensive income.

Six months ended June 30, 2025 compared with six months ended June 30, 2024

Revenue and Cost of revenue

We had revenue of $55.0 thousand and $40.0 thousand and cost of revenue of $29.0 thousand and $32.0 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Both revenue and related cost of

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revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are a result of sales of OTFT backplanes and TRUFLEX® materials for customer assessment and development purposes.

Other operating income

Other operating income was $0.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $0.4 million in the same period of 2024. The primary source of other operating income is related to multiple research grants from Innovate UK and research and development tax credits.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses were $8.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $2.4 million, or 42.2%.

Research and development expenses are incurred for the development and process validation for TRUFLEX® inks to make OTFT circuits and OTFT based display concepts integrating novel display technology and provide dielectric solutions for packaging applications. The expenses consist primarily of payroll, technical facilities overheads, and development consumables costs. Research and development expenses were $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $2.4 million for the same period of 2024, an increase of $1.5 million or 61.2%. This increase primarily resulted from an $800,000 increase in costs in the second quarter of 2025 pursuant to the terms of the extension of the CPI Framework agreement. As noted above, we expect those increased costs to continue in future periods. The increase in research and development expenses also resulted in part from higher personnel expenses. The research and development expenses represent 48.6% and 42.9% of the total operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and professional services such as investor relations, accounting and legal services. General and administrative expenses were $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $3.2 million for the same period of 2024, an increase of $1.2 million, or 36.3%. These expenses represent 54.2% and 56.5% of our total operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This increase primarily resulted from an increase in professional service fees principally related to investor relations support and consulting agreements, including $0.4 million in non-cash expenses.

Non-Operating income/(expense)

Non-operating income was $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to non-operating income of $0.4 million for the same period of 2024, an increase of $2.6 million, or 583.3%. $3.2 million of the increase is primarily due to a gain on foreign currency. The increase is primarily due to a gain on foreign currency related to the revaluation of the intercompany loans and related interest. The change in the foreign exchange spot rate of 1.3724 as of June 30, 2025 compared to 1.2567 as of December 31, 2024 resulted in a foreign exchange gain. The offset of this gain is recorded in other comprehensive income. Such gain was offset by a loss of $0.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024 related to changes in certain of our warrants that occurred as a result of the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on May 31, 2024. Those warrants were accounted for as an equity instrument beginning on that date and as a result there was no similar gain or loss in the same period of 2025.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents were $1.2 million compared with $7.1 million as of December 31, 2024. We believe our cash balance at June 30, 2025 will be sufficient to fund our operations through September 30, 2025 and that we will require additional capital funding to continue our operations and research development activity. It is possible this period could be shortened if there are any significant increases in spending or more rapid progress of development programs than anticipated. In the event that we are unable to raise additional capital in the near term, we may have to curtail our operations or seek protection under applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws.

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Our expected cash payments over the next twelve months include (a) $3.1 million to satisfy accounts payable and accrued expenses and (b) $0.2 million to satisfy the lease liabilities. Additional expected cash payments beyond the next twelve months include $0.4 million of lease liabilities.

Beyond our near term need for capital, our future viability is dependent on our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations. We will need to obtain additional funds to satisfy our operational needs and to fund our sales and marketing efforts, research and development expenditures, and business development activities. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate sufficient cash through revenue, management’s plans are to finance our working capital requirements through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our existing security holders will likely experience dilution. If we borrow money, the incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that could restrict our operations. If we enter into a collaboration, strategic alliance or other similar arrangement, we may be forced to give up valuable rights. There can be no assurance however that such financing will be available in sufficient amounts, when and if needed, on acceptable terms or at all. The precise amount and timing of the funding needs cannot be determined accurately at this time, and will depend on a number of factors, including the market demand for our products and services, the quality of product development efforts, management of working capital, and continuation of normal payment terms and conditions for purchase of services.

Cash Flow

Net cash used in operating activities was $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $1.7 million. The increase resulted primarily from an increase in our comprehensive net loss, offset in part by an increase in accounts payable. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we had no cash flows from investing or financing activities.

Contractual Payment Obligations

Our principal commitments primarily consist of obligations under leases for office space and purchase commitments in the normal course of business for research and development facilities and services, communications infrastructure, and administrative services. We expect to fund these commitments from our cash balances and working capital.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which require our management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations would be affected. We base our estimates on our own historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable after taking account of our circumstances and expectations for the future based on available information. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis.

We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (i) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made, and (ii) changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. In addition, there are other items within our financial statements that require estimation but are not deemed critical as defined above. Changes in estimates used in these and other items could have a material impact on our financial statements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon, and as of the date of, this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Report that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in the 10-K may not be the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On April 1, 2025, we issued 10,000 shares of common stock to a vendor with a value of $29,000. Such issuance was exempt from registration under 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

On April 23, 2025, we issued 100,000 shares of common stock to a vendor with a value of $223,000. Such issuance was exempt from registration under 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

On May 1, 2025, we issued 10,000 shares of common stock to a vendor with a value of $23,700. Such issuance was exempt from registration under 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

On June 2, 2025, we issued 10,000 shares of common stock to a vendor with a value of $14,300. Such issuance was exempt from registration under 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None of the Company’s directors and officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company's fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025 (each as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.

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EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.	Description

2.1 *	Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2021, among the Registrant, SmartKem Limited and the shareholders of SmartKem Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021)

3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended to date (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 13, 2025)

3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as currently in effect (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2021)

10.1#	Amendment to the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2025)

10.2**	Letter of Variation, dated June 1, 2025, by and between SmartKem Limited and CPI Innovation Services Limited (incorporated by Reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2025)

10.3**	Letter of Variation, dated June 19, 2025, by and between SmartKem Limited and CPI Innovation Services Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2025)

10.4† * **	Lease of The Whole of the 8th Floor, Hexagon Tower, Manchester, M9 8GP, dated May 22, 2025, between AG Hexagon BV and SmartKem Limited

31.1†	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2†	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1††	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2††	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS†	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104†	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Annexes, schedules and/or exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits to the SEC on a confidential basis upon request.

** Portions of the exhibit, marked by brackets, have been omitted because the omitted information (i) is not material and (ii) is of the type the registrant customarily and actually treats as private or confidential. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits to the SEC on a confidential basis upon request.

# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

† Filed herewith.

†† This certification is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized.

Date: August 12, 2025

	SMARTKEM, INC.

	By:	/s/ Ian Jenks
	Name:	Ian Jenks
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
		(Principal Executive Officer)

	By:	/s/ Barbra C. Keck
	Name:	Barbra C. Keck
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)